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学术前沿速递|经济学顶刊AER,QJE,JPE,RES,Econometrica 最新发表(6.17-6.23)

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2022/06/29 17:03发布
学术前沿速递
学术前沿速递
最新——学术前沿速递|经济学顶刊AER,QJE,JPE,RES,Econometrica最新发表(6.17-6.23)

本文汇总了经济学国际顶级期刊《American Economic Review》、《Quarterly Journal of Economics》、《Journal of Political Economy》、《The Review of Economic Studies》和《Econometrica》近期即将发表的论文,提供经济学研究领域最新学术动态。

 

 

 

 

 01. Belief Distortions and Macroeconomic Fluctuations

 

Posted in: June 2022

 

 

Francesco Bianchi

Johns Hopkins University

 

 

 

Sydney C. Ludvigson

New York University

 

Abstract: This paper combines a data-rich environment with a machine learning algorithm to provide new estimates of time-varying systematic expectational errors ("belief distortions") embedded in survey responses. We find sizable distortions even for professional forecasters, with all respondent-types over-weighting the implicit judgmental component of their forecasts relative to what can be learned from publicly available information. Forecasts of inflation and GDP growth oscillate between optimism and pessimism by large margins, with belief distortions evolving dynamically in response to cyclical shocks. The results suggest that artificial intelligence algorithms can be productively deployed to correct errors in human judgment and improve predictive accuracy.

 

摘要:本文将丰富的数据环境与机器学习算法结合起来,对调查问卷中所包含的时间变化的系统性预期误差("信念扭曲")提供了新的估计。我们发现,即使对专业预测者来说,也有相当大的扭曲,相对于可以从公开信息中了解到的情况,所有类型的受访者都过度重视他们预测的隐性判断部分。对通货膨胀和GDP增长的预测在乐观和悲观之间摇摆不定,信念的扭曲随着周期性冲击而动态变化。结果表明,人工智能算法可以被有效地部署,以纠正人类判断中的错误并提高预测的准确性。

 

Link: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20201713&&from=f

 

02.Monetary Policy with Opinionated Markets

Posted in: June 2022

 

 

 Ricardo J. Cabellero

National Bureau of Economic Research

 

 

Alp Simsek

National Bureau of Economic Research

 

Abstract: We build a model in which the Fed and the market disagree about future aggregate demand. The market anticipates monetary policy "mistakes," which affect current demand and induce the Fed to partially accommodate the market's view. The Fed expects to implement its view gradually. Announcements that reveal an unexpected change in the Fed's belief provide a microfoundation for monetary policy shocks. Tantrum shocks arise when the market misinterprets the Fed's belief and overreacts to its announcement. Uncertainty about tantrums motivates further gradualism and communication. Finally, disagreements affect the market's expected in ation and induce a policy trade-off similar to "cost-push" shocks.

 

摘要:我们建立了一个模型,其中美联储和市场对未来的总需求有不同意见。市场预期货币政策会出现 "错误",从而影响当前的需求,并促使美联储部分地适应市场的观点。美联储预计将逐步实施其观点。揭示美联储信念发生意外变化的公告为货币政策冲击提供了微观基础。当市场误解了美联储的信念并对其公告作出过度反应时,就会出现发泄性冲击。对不确定性激励了进一步的渐进主义和沟通。最后,分歧影响了市场的预期,诱发了类似于 "成本推动 "冲击的政策权衡。

 

Link: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210271&&from=f

 

03. Market Access and Quality Upgrading: Evidence from Four Field Experiments

Posted in: June 2022

 

 

Tessa Bold

Stockholm Uniersity 

 

 

Selene Ghisolfi

Stockholm Uniersity 

 

 

 

Frances Nsonzi

McGill University

 

 

 

Jakob Svensson

Stockholm Uniersity

 

Abstract: Smallholder farming in many developing countries is characterized by low productivity and low quality output. Low quality limits the price farmers can command and their potential income. We conduct a series of experiments among maize farmers in Uganda to shed light on the barriers to quality upgrading and to study its potential. First, we document that quality is low but partly observable. Second, we show that the causal return to quality is zero, suggesting that the market for quality maize is effectively missing. Third, we generate experimental variation in access to a market for premium quality maize, combined with training on agricultural best-practices, and document large increases in both farm productivity and income. Fourth, we show that agricultural training alone does not affect agricultural outcomes. Our findings reveal the importance of demand-side constraints in limiting rural income and productivity growth.

 

摘要:许多发展中国家的小农耕作的特点是生产率低,产出质量低。低质量限制了农民可以获得的价格和他们的潜在收入。我们在乌干达的玉米种植者中进行了一系列的实验,以阐明质量升级的障碍并研究其潜力。首先,我们记录了质量低下但部分可观察到的情况。其次,我们表明质量的因果回报为零,这表明优质玉米的市场实际上是缺失的。第三,我们在进入优质玉米市场的过程中产生了实验性的变化,结合农业最佳实践的培训,记录了农场生产力和收入的大幅增长。第四,我们表明,农业培训本身并不影响农业成果。我们的研究结果揭示了需求方制约因素在限制农村收入和生产力增长方面的重要性。

 

Link: https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.20210122&&from=f

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